Unit 7 Test Review

Unit 7 Test Review - Ecology

Ultimately, all of the energy in most food chains or food webs comes from
1. the oceans
2. the producers
3. the sun
4. the carnivores
Organisms that obtain energy directly from photosynthesis are known as
1. autotrophs
2. heterotrophs
3. primary consumers
4. herbivores
Organisms that can feed on autotrophs as well as on heterotrophs are known as
1. primary consumers
2. carnivores
3. herbivores
4. omnivores
5. producers
An organism that feeds only on heterotrophs is a(n)
1. primary consumer
2. carnivore
3. omnivore
4. herbivore
5. autotroph
An organism whose removal from an ecosystem may cause the collapse of that ecosystem is known as a(n)
1. keystone species
2. dominant predator
3. herbivore
4. tertiary consumer
Missing from this food chain are
1. heterotrophs
2. producers
3. consumers
4. carnivores
Wastes and dead organisms from this food chain will be fed upon by
1. autotrophs
2. decomposers
3. herbivores
4. tertiary consumers
Of the organisms depicted above, the one that would likely be found in the smallest number within the ecosystem is the
1. freshwater shrimp
2. bleak
3. perch
4. northern pike
5. osprey
According to the 10% rule, compared to the osprey, the perch has
1. 10x more energy available
2. 100x more energy available
3. 20x more energy available
4. 1/10 the energy available
5. 1/100 the energy available
Food webs differ from food chains in that they
1. show the actual movement of energy within the ecosystem
2. show the distribution of biomass within an ecosystem
3. show more of the available feeding relationships in an ecosystem
4. identify the keystone species within an ecosystem
The producer in this food web is the
1. phytoplankton
2. polar bear
3. capelin
4. herbiverous zooplankton
The most efficient transfer of energy to the artic cod occurs when it feeds on
1. herbivorous zooplankton
2. carnivorous zooplankton
3. harbour seals
4. harp seals
Missing from this food web are
1. primary consumers
2. carnivores
3. producers
4. decomposers
Which of the following has only ONE food source depicted in this web?
1. polar bear
2. harp seal
3. artic char
4. ringed seal
5. killer whale
In a healthy ecosystem, trophic level "A" will be composed of
1. producers
2. heterotrophs
3. autotrophs
4. carnivores
5. herbivores
On the African savanna, large herbivores such as elephant and giraffe would be found in
1. Trophic level A
2. Trophic level B
3. Trophic level C
4. Trophic level D
Based on the diagram, the greatest amount of energy (and biomass) in a healthy ecosystem will be found in the
1. producers
2. primary consumers
3. secondary consumers
4. tertiary consumers
There is about 100x more energy stored in trophic level A than in
1. trophic level B
2. trophic level C
3. trophic level D
4. trophic levels B, C and D combined
Assume that a human can choose from any of the three organisms above as a source of nutrition. Which of the food sources provides the most efficient transfer of energy from the sun to us?
1. Eat the corn!
2. Eat the steer!
3. Eat the wolf!
The food chain above shows
1. one producer, one autotroph, and one decomposer
2. one autotroph and two heterotrophs
3. one heterotroph and two autotrophs
4. one producer and two omnivores
The processes of photosynthesis and respiration are tied together in
1. the carbon cycle and oxygen cycle
2. the nitrogen cycle and water cycle
3. the nitrogen cycle
4. the phosphorus cycle
Nitrospira and nitrosomonas are
1. fungi
2. bacteria
3. small fish
4. plants
In addition to helping to remove nitrogenous wastes, the plants in the aquarium provide the fish with
1. carbon dioxide
2. oxygen
3. nitrogen
4. bacteria
When the fish is provided with so much food that it cannot eat all of it, the excess food
1. helps to remove nitrogenous wastes from the aquarium
2. adds to the nitrogenous wastes in the aquarium
3. can be absorbed by the plant for photosynthesis
4. kills bacteria
The water cycle process labeled #1 is
1. condensation
2. evaporation
3. precipitation
4. transpiration
The water cycle process labeled #2 is
1. condensation
2. evaporation
3. precipitation
4. transpiration
The water cycle process labeled #3 is
1. condensation
2. evaporation
3. precipitation
4. transpiration
The water cycle process labeled #4 is
1. condensation
2. evaporation
3. precipitation
4. transpiration
As the air temperature increases, the rate of process #3 _______________ and the rate of process #1 ______________.
1. increases / increases
2. increases / decreases
3. decreases / increases
4. decreases / increases
Process #1 removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by means of
1. respiration
2. photosynthesis
3. decomposition
4. deamination
5. evapotranspiration
Processes #2 and #5 add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere by means of
1. respiration
2. photosynthesis
3. decomposition
4. deamination
5. evapotranspiration
In addition to carbon dioxide, what chemical compound is released into the atmosphere as a result of processes #2 and #5
1. oxygen, O₂
2. water, H₂O
3. ammonia, NH₃
4. phosphate, PO₄^3-
5. evapotranspiration
The burning of fossil fuels
1. requires O₂ and releases CO₂
2. releases O₂ and CO₂
3. requires O₂ and CO₂
4. releases O₂ and requires CO₂
The source of the carbon in fossil fuels is
1. dead plant and animal matter
2. limestone deposits
3. ammonia from proteins
4. ocean water
Substances #1 and #2 are
1. carbon dioxide
2. water
3. glucose
4. oxygen
Substances #3 and #4 are
1. carbon dioxide
2. water
3. glucose
4. oxygen
Which of the following is the formula for determining the rate of growth of a population?
1. (birth rate + immigration rate) - (death rate + emigration rate)
2. (birth rate - death rate) + immigration rate + emigration rate
3. birth rate + death rate + immigration rate + emigration rate
4. (immigration rate + emigration rate) - (death rate + birth rate)
As a population grows, factors that slow or limit the growth of the population include
1. disease and parasitism
2. immigration
3. predation
4. competition for resources
Creative commons attribution: copyright Dan L. Perlman, 1988

The caterpillar pictured here has wasp pupae attached that will hatch and then consume the caterpillar. This relationship is an example of
1. sexual selection
2. commensalism
3. mutualism
4. parasitism
Creative commons attribution: copyright Dan L. Perlman, 1988

Ants are known to protect, or "tend" aphids from predators, and in return receive some nutrients from the aphids. This relationship is an example of
1. sexual selection
2. commensalism
3. mutualism
4. parasitism
The growth curve shown above is an example of
1. exponential growth
2. logistic growth
3. extinction
4. a predator-prey relationship
In the growth curve shown above, the red line indicates
1. K, the carrying capacity
2. the y-intercept
3. the death rate
4. the reproductive rate
The growth curve shown above is an example of
1. exponential growth
2. logistic growth
3. extinction
4. a predator-prey relationship
Examples of symbiotic relationships include
1. mutualism
2. commensalism
3. parasitism
4. cannabalism
Which of the following is an example of a community?
1. All of the organisms living within a lake.
2. All of the geese in the world.
3. All of the grass in a meadow.
4. All of the animals in North America.
Which of the following is an example of a population?
1. All of the raccoons in a forest
2. All of the mammals in a forest
3. All of the trees in a forest
4. All of the raccoons in North America
The image above is a population graph from the predator-prey game. Green indicates grass, blue indicates rabbits, and red indicates wolves. In this graph, the factor controlling the population of rabbits is:
1. the availability of food
2. the presence of predators
3. the presence of predators and the availability of food
4. competition from other herbivores
The image above is a population graph from the predator-prey game. Green indicates grass, blue indicates rabbits, and red indicates wolves. The rapid growth in grass shown at the right of the graph is probably due to:
1. wolves controlling the rabbit population
2. rabbits going on diets
3. rabbits becoming extinct
4. wolves becoming extinct
The growth curve above indicates that in this population
1. extinction has occurred
2. births + immigration = deaths + emigration
3. births + emigration = deaths + immigration
4. the ecosystem must be at its carrying capacity
The image above is a population graph from the predator-prey game. Green indicates grass, blue indicates rabbits, and red indicates wolves. Wolves appear to have gone extinct because:
1. there was no grass for rabbits to eat
2. they starved after eating all of the rabbits
3. they ran out of grass to eat
4. other predators replaced them
Bees collect nectar from flowers, and serve as pollinators for the plants. This relationship is an example of
1. mutualism
2. predator-prey
3. commensalism
4. parasitism
In this diagram the predator is coded in ____________ and the prey is coded in ____________.
1. blue / red
2. red / blue
As this diagram indicates, human population is distributed in a pattern of
1. random dispersion
2. clumped dispersion
3. uniform dispersion
A relationship between two organisms of different species in which one benefits, while the other neither benefits nor is harmed:
1. symbiosis
2. mutualism
3. commensalism
4. parasitism
The process by which the volcanic island Surtsey has progressed from bare lava in 1963 to an island with vegetation and animal life today is known as
1. primary succession
2. secondary succession
3. a climax community
4. an extinction event
Most climate models predict that during this century, the average temperature
1. on land will increase, as will the average ocean temperatures
2. on land will decrease, as will the average ocean temperatures
3. on land will increase, and the average ocean temperatures will decrease
4. on land will decrease, and the average ocean temperatures will increase
After a forest fire, the first signs of ecological recovery occur with the appearance of
1. grasses and small shrubs
2. trees
3. large herbivores
4. predators
During a particularly hot summer, the smallest change in temperature would likely be noted in
1. temperate forests
2. deserts
3. temperate grasslands
4. oceans
Deforestation has the effect of
1. increasing atmospheric CO₂
2. increasing atmospheric oxygen, O₂
3. increasing soil loss through erosion
4. decreasing biodiversity
5. contributing to global warming
Most people have pesticides and other environmental contaminants in their body. This is an example of
1. bioaccumulation
2. biomagnification
3. bioamplification
4. healthy eating
If the ecosystem above was contaminated with the pesticide DDT, the highest concentration of DDT would be found in
1. the sea water
2. microscopic organisms
3. small fish
4. pelicans
If the ecosystem above was contaminated with the pesticide DDT, the highest concentration of DDT in fish and pelicans would be found in
1. bone tissue
2. fat tissue
3. blood
4. muscle
(From Reuters)A golden eagle picks the carcass of a wild boar that was killed by wolves in the 30 km (18 miles) exclusion zone around the Chernobyl nuclear reactor near the village of Babchin some 370 km (217 miles) southeast of Minsk February 3, 2008. Wildlife in the exclusion zone has been teeming despite radiation.
If one were to study organisms in the area, which of these indicates the probable order of increasing concentrations of radiation in living tissue?
1. plants --→ wild boar --→ wolves
2. wolves --→ plants --→ wild boar
3. wild boar --→ plants --→ wolves
4. wolves --→ wild boar --→ plants
Which of the following IS NOT a greenhouse gas?
1. water vapor
2. methane, CH₄
3. carbon dioxide, CO₂
4. oxygen, O₂
A foreign species of organism, introduced into a new ecosystem, will not become invasive unless
1. the population is sufficiently large to allow for natural breeding
2. pregnant females are released
3. it is well suited to the habitat into which it is being released
4. people help care for them until they adapt
5. there is an available niche, or a weaker competitor occupies that niche
Invasive species may harm an ecosystem by
1. altering habitat
2. outcompeting native species
3. introducing new diseases
4. providing humans with a new food source
Starlings, sparrows and other European birds were introduced into the United States during the 1890's, when they were released in New York's Central Park by
1. mad scientists
2. evil Shakespeare fans
3. crazy Spongebob Squarepants fans
4. alien life forms
Most extinctions occurring on the planet today are due to
1. invasive species
2. loss of habitat
3. hunting
4. global warming
The land shown in the picture was once cultivated farmland. The process being shown here is
1. primary succession
2. secondary succession
3. extinction
4. invasion
The plant shown here is Russian thistle, better known as tumbleweed. It was accidentally introduced into the United States in the nineteenth century in contaminated flax seed. The fact that it has spread throughout the western United States suggests that
1. it is being farmed as an agricultural crop
2. regions of Russia have a climate similar to the western United States
3. it is an attractive garden plant
4. it has an efficient seed dispersal mechanism